Zvidimbu zvePolycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) nePDC drill zvakaunzwa kumusika kwemakumi emakore akati wandei. Munguva iyi yakareba PDC cutter nePDC drill bit zvakasangana nematambudziko akawanda pakutanga, zvakawanawo budiriro huru. Zvishoma nezvishoma, PDC bits dzakatsiva zvishoma nezvishoma cone bits nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa PDC cutter, bit stability, uye bit hydraulic structure. PDC bits ikozvino inotora anopfuura 90% yehuwandu hwese hwe drilling footage pasi rose.
Muchina wePDC Cutter wakagadzirwa kekutanga neGeneral Electric (GE) muna 1971. Muchina wekutanga wePDC Cutters weindasitiri yemafuta negasi wakaitwa muna 1973 uye nemakore matatu ekuyedza uye kuyedza mumunda, wakaunzwa mukutengeserana muna 1976 mushure mekunge waratidzwa kuti unoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura kupwanya mabhatani ecarbide.
Kare kare, chimiro chemucheki wePDC chakaita seizvi: muromo wekabhoridha wakatenderera, (dhayamita 8.38mm, ukobvu 2.8mm), uye dhayamondi (ukobvu 0.5mm isina chamfer pamusoro). Panguva iyoyo, paivawo neCompax "slug system" PDC cutter. Chimiro chemucheki uyu chakaita seizvi: PDC compax weld kune cemented carbide slug kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuisa pa steel body drill bit, nokudaro zvichiunza nyore kumugadziri we drill bit.
Muna 1973, GE yakaedza PDC bit yayo yekutanga mutsime munzvimbo yeKing Ranch kumaodzanyemba kweTexas. Munguva yekuyedza kuboora, dambudziko rekuchenesa bit rakaonekwa seriripo. Mazino matatu akakundikana pajoini yakasungirirwa, uye mamwe mazino maviri akatyoka pamwe chete nechikamu chetungsten carbide. Gare gare, kambani yakaedza drill bit yechipiri munzvimbo yeHudson kuColorado. Iyi drill bit yakavandudza chimiro chehydraulic chedambudziko rekuchenesa. Iyi bit yakawana kushanda kuri nani mukugadzira sandstone-shale nekukurumidza kwekuboora. Asi pane kusiyana kwakawanda kubva panzira yakarongwa yekuboora panguva yekuboora, uye kurasikirwa kudiki kwePDC cutters kwakaitika nekuda kwekubatana kwebrazing.
Muna Kubvumbi 1974, chimwe chidhiraivho chechitatu chakaedzwa munzvimbo yeSan Juan kuUtah, USA. Chidhiraivho ichi chakavandudza chimiro chemazino uye chimiro chebhiti. Chidhiraivho ichi chakatsiva zvidimbu zvesimbi zve cone mutsime riri pedyo, asi muromo wacho wakadonha uye chidimbu chacho chakakuvara. Panguva iyoyo, zvaifungidzirwa kuti chakaitika pedyo nekupera kwekuboorwa kwegomba rakaoma, kana kuti dambudziko rinokonzerwa nemuromo wacho wakadonha.
Kubva muna 1974 kusvika 1976, makambani akasiyana-siyana ekudhira mabhora uye vemabhizinesi vakaongorora kuvandudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana muPDC cutter. Matambudziko mazhinji aivepo akatarisana nekutsvagisa. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yakadaro yakabatanidzwa mumazino eStratapax PDC, akatangwa neGE muna Zvita 1976.
Kuchinjwa kwezita kubva kuCompax kuenda kuStratapax kwakabatsira kubvisa kuvhiringidzika muindasitiri yemabit pakati pemabit ane tungsten carbide compacts, uye diamond Compax.
Pakati pemakore ekuma90, vanhu vakatanga kushandisa tekinoroji yekucheka mazino ePDC zvakanyanya, tekinoroji yekucheka mazino akawanda yakagamuchirwa sepatent muna 1995. Kana tekinoroji yekucheka mazino ikashandiswa nemazvo, kuramba kutyoka kwemazino ekucheka ePDC kunogona kuwedzerwa ne100%.
Mumakore ekuma1980, GE Company (USA) neSumitomo Company (Japan) dzakadzidza nezvekubviswa kwecobalt kubva pamusoro pemazino ePDC kuti dzivandudze mashandiro emazino. Asi haana kubudirira mukutengeserana. Tekinoroji yakazogadzirwazve uye yakabvumidzwa neHycalog（USA）. Zvakaratidzwa kuti kana simbi ikabviswa kubva paburi remaburi, kugadzikana kwekupisa kwemazino ePDC kuchavandudzwa zvikuru kuitira kuti chidimbu chigone kuboora zviri nani muzvikamu zvakaoma uye zvinokwenya zvakanyanya. Tekinoroji iyi yekubvisa cobalt inovandudza kuramba kwemazino ePDC muzvikamu zvakaoma zvakanyanya uye inowedzera kushandiswa kwezvidimbu zvePDC.
Kutanga muna 2000, kushandiswa kwemaPDC bits kwakawedzera nekukurumidza. Magadzirirwo aisagona kuboorwa nemaPDC bits ave kukwanisa kuboorwa zvishoma nezvishoma nenzira inodhura uye yakavimbika nemaPDC drill bits.
Kubva muna 2004, muindasitiri yezvidhiri, mari inowanikwa pamusika yezvidhiri zvePDC yaitora inenge 50%, uye daro rekudhiriwa rakasvika pedyo ne60%. Kukura uku kuri kuramba kuripo kusvika nanhasi. Anenge ese ari kushandiswa pari zvino muNorth America maPDC bits.
Muchidimbu, kubvira payakatangwa kuma70s uye ikatanga kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, vacheki vePDC vakasimudzira zvishoma nezvishoma kufambira mberi kweindasitiri yezvidhiri zvekutsvaga nekuchera mafuta negasi. Kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi hwePDC paindasitiri yekuchera kwakakura.
Vatsva vari kupinda mumusika wemazino ekucheka ePDC emhando yepamusoro, pamwe nemakambani makuru ekuboorera, vanoramba vachitungamira mukuvandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva uye maitiro ekugadzira kuitira kuti mashandiro emazino ekucheka ePDC nemadhiri ePDC agone kuvandudzwa nguva dzose.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-07-2023